Ese uzi icyo kwanduza amazi ari cyo n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa nayo?

Kwanduza amazi ni iki?
Ihumana ry'amazi risobanura urwego rudasanzwemu byiciro bitanu by'ingenzi by'ibimenyetso mu mazi akomokamo—imiterere y'amatwi, imyanda idakomoka ku bimera, imyanda ikomoka ku bimera, udukoko, n'imirasire—bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amazi no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'imyanda ku rugero rutandukanye, bigatera ingaruka ku mutekano w'amazi yo kunywa n'ubuzima bw'abantu.

Kwandura amazi bibaho iyo ibikorwa by'abantu bihinduye imiterere karemano n'imiterere y'amazi, bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ryayo cyangwa bikabangamira ubuzima bw'abantu. Ashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bine:

1.Umwanda ukomoka ku mubiri: Kugabanuka kw'impumuro, uburyohe, isura, no kugaragara nyuma y'uko imyanda yinjira mu mazi karemano.

2.Umwanda uhumanya ikirere: Umwanda uhindura imiterere y'amazi, nk'ubushyuhe, ibintu bihumanya ikirere, amavuta, n'ifuro.

3.Ihumana rishingiye ku binyabutabire: Imyandu ihindura imiterere y’amazi, harimo aside, alkali, umunyu, ibintu by’uburozi, n’imiti yica udukoko.

4. Ihumana ry’ibinyabuzima: Kwinjira kwa mikorobe zitera indwara mu mazi, zishobora gukwirakwiza indwara zitandukanye mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi ziterwa n'umwanda w'amazi?
Mu bihe bisanzwe, amazi afite urugero runaka rwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe, ikaba ari ingenzi ku buzima bwo mu mazi kandi ikagira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ogisijeni ituma habaho ihinduka no kwangirika kw'imyanda—ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu bushobozi karemano bwo kwisukura bw'ibimera byo mu mazi.
Gusohora imyanda yo mu ngo irimo azote nyinshi, fosifore, na potasiyumu, hamwe no kubora kw'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, bisohora intungamubiri zitera indabyo z'ibimera no gukura cyane kw'ibimera. Ibi bituma amazi atembera nabi, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga ugabanuka cyane, ndetse no kurema uduce twangiritsemo umwuka wa ogisijeni. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ibimera byo mu mazi bipfa ari byinshi, amazi ahinduka umukara, agasohora impumuro mbi, maze agahinduka "ibiyaga byapfuye," "imigezi yapfuye," cyangwa "inyanja zapfuye," amaherezo bikaba ibishanga. Iki kintu kizwi nka eutrophication. Amazi ya eutrophic arangwa n'impumuro mbi, amabara menshi, n'ubunini bwa bagiteri - bigatuma adakoreshwa neza kandi akenshi bigatuma amafi menshi apfa.

Ingaruka mbi z'amaziUmwanda ugaragara mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi:

1.Kwangiza ibidukikije: Bituma amoko y’ibinyabuzima agabanuka cyangwa agashira, bigatesha agaciro umutungo kamere utandukanye w’ibidukikije, kandi bigahungabanya uburinganire bw’ibidukikije.

2.Kwangiza umusaruro: Amazi yanduye atujuje ibisabwa mu nganda cyangwa mu buhinzi ashobora gutuma umusaruro ugabanuka ndetse n'igihombo mu bukungu.

3.Kwangiza ubuzima bw'abantu: Kunywa amazi yanduye bishobora gutera uburozi bukabije cyangwa budakira, kanseri, indwara zandura, n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima. Uretse indwara z'umubiri, ingaruka mbi z'amatwi z'amazi yanduye zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'abantu ndetse no ku mibereho myiza y'amarangamutima.